Measures to prevent flammable liquid fire and expl

Measures to prevent fire and explosion of flammable liquids

measures to prevent fire and explosion of flammable liquids is a kind of redox battery with circulating active materials. The measures are based on the following five technologies and principles: ① eliminate the fire source; ② Remove air (oxygen); ③ The liquid is stored in a closed container or device; ④ Ventilation to prevent flammable liquid vapor concentration from reaching the combustion concentration range; ⑤ Replace air with inert gas environment. The last four methods are to prevent flammable liquid (steam) and air from forming a combustion and explosion mixture. These five methods are adopted at the same time, and the specific methods are as follows:

(1) the plants and warehouses that produce, use and store flammable liquids should be class I and II fire-resistant buildings with good ventilation. Fireworks are strictly prohibited around, and they should be away from kindling, heat sources, oxidants and acids. Heat insulation and cooling measures should be taken in summer. The warehouse temperature of flammable liquids with flash point lower than 23 ℃ generally does not exceed 30 ℃; Low boiling point varieties such as ether, carbon disulfide, petroleum ether and other warehouses are easy to take cooling and refrigeration measures. A large amount of benzene, ethanol, gasoline, etc. can be stored in storage tanks generally. The storage tank can be set in the open air, but when the temperature is above 30 ℃, water spraying and cooling measures should be taken

(2) explosion proof electrical appliances should be selected according to relevant regulations and standards in places where flammable liquids are used and stored. Handle with care during loading, unloading and handling. Rolling, friction, dragging and other operations endangering safety are strictly prohibited. During operation, it is strictly forbidden to use iron tools that are easy to produce sparks and wear shoes with iron nails. The motor vehicles that must enter the site should preferably be explosion-proof, and their exhaust pipes should be equipped with reliable spark fire extinguishers and protective baffles or heat shields to prevent inflammables from dripping on the exhaust pipes

(3) during the filling of flammable liquid, more than 5% gap shall be left in the container, which cannot be filled, so as to prevent the expansion or explosion accidents caused by the heating of flammable liquid

(4) do not mix with other dangerous chemicals. A small amount of bottled flammable liquids used for experiments and reserved for samples can be set up in dangerous goods cabinets, which can be stored according to their properties. Substances with conflicting properties such as oxidants are not allowed to be stored in the same cell

it should also be considered when dealing with the mechanical properties of ceramics based on the linear elastic mechanical solution of macro continuous medium

(5) the flash point of flammable and combustible liquids should be considered when determining the hazard degree, storage conditions, equipment, lighting, heat preservation and temperature in the warehouse. For the liquid with low flash point, it is easy to use underground or semi underground warehouse. If necessary, fill the liquid part of the storage tank with nitrogen to isolate the contact with air. When using, it should be carried out in sealed instruments

(6) the transportation in summer should comply with the specific local regulations, and enter and leave the warehouse and transport in the morning and evening. Good grounding devices shall be provided during transportation, pumping and filling to prevent electrostatic accumulation. The tank car transporting flammable liquid shall be equipped with grounding wire chain, and hole baffle can be set in the tank to reduce the static electricity generated by vibration in the tank

(7) since the warehouse of flammable liquid is generally located in the remote area of the unit or the city, keeping a certain distance from other surrounding buildings, it is easy to suffer from lightning strikes, so effective lightning protection devices must be installed to prevent fire accidents caused by lightning strikes. The lightning arrester installed can adopt the lightning rod with independent and unchanging shape, and the lightning rod can also be installed on the firewall of each warehouse. The height must be calculated

(8) during handling, the loading position should be far away from the storage tank area, power supply, heat source, fire source and other parts, the electrical equipment used should be explosion-proof, the indoor ventilation equipment should have a fire star device, the loading and unloading should be arranged last and first, and it is strictly prohibited to fill and transport flammable liquids in plastic barrels to prevent fire accidents caused by the accumulation of static electricity

(9) the vapor of most flammable liquids has certain toxicity, which will enter the human body from the respiratory tract and cause harm. Special attention should be paid to the integrity of the packaging of flammable liquids. Ventilation measures should be strengthened during operation. In summer or in case of fire, the concentration of toxic gases in the air increases, so we should pay more attention to prevent poisoning

(10) according to the nature of the stored items, prepare enough corresponding fire-fighting equipment, and the reasons for this are: the air in the hydraulic system of the zigzag testing machine is not eliminated, the pull rod of the force measuring piston is zigzag or not in the correct position, and the friction force of the force transmission system is uneven, which is always in good condition. Employees should be regularly organized to carry out fire drills and skillfully use all kinds of fire-fighting equipment